Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en la Predicción de Complicaciones en pacientes con Malaria

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Eduardo Tuta-Quintero
Daniel Botero-Rosas
Alirio Bastidas-Goyes
Juan Leon-Ariza
Angela Guerrero
Mauricio Agudelo
Natalia Valenzuela

Resumen

Introducción: Este estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar una red neural (RN) que pueda servir como una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico temprano de la malaria complicada. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio, se desarrolló una red neural feedforward, incorporando 10 variables clínicas en los nodos de entrada, la capa oculta y el nodo de salida. Se aplicaron diversas técnicas de validación como V cross, V cross Aleatorio, Retención Modificada y Muestra Proporcional de Porcentaje para entrenar y validar la red utilizando datos de 412 pacientes.  Resultados: Las variables incluidas en el análisis fueron la presión arterial media, hemoglobina, recuento de leucocitos, recuento de plaquetas, bilirrubina total, presencia de disnea, vómitos, historial previo de malaria, uso previo de medicamentos para la malaria y fiebre persistente. Se utilizaron las técnicas de V cross, Validación Cruzada Aleatoria, Validación de Retención Modificada y Validación de Muestra Proporcional de Porcentaje para evaluar el rendimiento de una RN en el diagnóstico de la malaria. Los valores de sensibilidad variaron del 13% al 47%, con valores predictivos positivos que oscilaron entre el 37% y el 88%. La especificidad se mantuvo consistentemente alta, variando del 79% al 90%. Discusión: La sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivos variaron según las técnicas: la validación cruzada en V y la validación cruzada aleatoria en V mostraron rangos de sensibilidad más estrechos con fuertes especificidades, mientras que la validación con retención modificada exhibió una mayor variabilidad en la sensibilidad.

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