Vitamina D y VIH: Descripción y correlación de niveles séricos con variables clínicas y paraclínicas
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Introducción: La vitamina D (VD) tiene muchas funciones extra-esqueléticas (regulación inmune). Es importante reconocer su rol en pacientes infectados con el vi[1]rus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las posibles correlaciones entre los niveles séricos de VD y múltiples variables clínicas, metabólicas y nutricionales en pacientes infectados por VIH. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal en 161 pacientes infectados por VIH en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Los niveles de VD se analizaron con el perfil clínico, metabólico y nutricional. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D (<30 ng/ml) de 60,87%, con correlaciones estadísticamente significativas respecto al tiempo de exposición solar referido por el paciente y el tipo de terapia antirretroviral. Además, se encontró que el esquema de 2 inhibidores de transcriptasa reversa análogos de nucleósido + 1 inhibidor de integrasa se correlaciona con hipovitaminosis, incluso con tiempos de exposición solar adecuados. No hubo asociaciones con edad, sexo, raza, comorbilidades, perfil inmune, ni metabólico. Discusión: La deficiencia de VD es multifactorial, sin embargo, esta hipovitaminosis debe ser considerada dentro de los posibles efectos adversos de la terapia antirretroviral. Se sugiere incluir la medición de los niveles de VD en el seguimiento usual de estos pacientes.
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