Comportamiento epidemiológico de virus respiratorios en menores de 5 años entre 2019 a 2022, en una institución pediátrica de referencia
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Introducción: El aislamiento preventivo por la pandemia por Covid19 en Colombia alteró la epidemiología de la infección por virus respiratorios, esenciales de estudiar por su impacto en morbimortalidad en menores de 5 años. El objetivo es describir el comportamiento epidemiológico de la infección por virus respiratorios en menores de 5 años de 2019 a 2022 en un hospital pediátrico de referencia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en HOMI que utilizó pruebas de antígeno y PCR para identificar Infección Respiratoria Aguda por Adenovirus, VSR e Influenza analizando la prevalencia anual y grupo etario. Resultados: De 2019 a 2022 se analizaron 21.688 eventos. En 2019 los virus circularon constantemente con picos en marzo-junio para VSR. En 2020 se evidenció una marcada disminución en la circulación viral en asociación a las medidas de contención implementadas durante la pandemia COVID-19. En 2021-2022 aumentó la circulación de todos los virus, con pico de Adenovirus julio-noviembre 2022 y VSR de marzo-julio 2022. Los hombres tuvieron mayor incidencia de infecciones, pero no se logró significancia estadística. Los niños menores de 2 años fueron los más afectados, especialmente por VSR y Adenovirus, con un cambio en 2022 donde predominó de 2-5 años Discusión: Las medidas de aislamiento, uso de tapabocas y lavado de manos son eficaces para reducir la transmisión de virus respiratorios. Se documenta que los patrones estacionales de los virus respiratorios han variado probablemente por dinámicas de la pandemia, cuyos datos pueden ser una guía para el desarrollo de políticas de salud pública
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