Factores asociados a la adherencia terapéutica y desenlaces clínicos en pacientes con tuberculosis en el Departamento del Atlántico, Colombia (2021-2023)
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Introducción: La tuberculosis (TB) sigue siendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial, a pesar de los esfuerzos globales para su control y erradicación. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar la TB en el Departamento del Atlántico (2021-2023), analizando factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y adherencia terapéutica para informar la toma de decisiones en salud pública. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico en pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico microbiológico confirmado de TB. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, adherencia terapéutica y comorbilidades mediante estadísticas descriptivas y modelos de regresión logística multivariada. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1133 pacientes, el 62% hombres, con una mediana de edad de 42 años. El 69% pertenecían al régimen subsidiado. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron desnutrición (18%) y coinfección por VIH (12%). La adherencia terapéutica fue del 89%, menor en pacientes sin aseguramiento y con TB pulmonar. La trombocitopenia y la coinfección por VIH se asociaron con peores desenlaces clínicos. Discusión: La TB sigue siendo un reto significativo en el Atlántico. Es prioritario optimizar estrategias de adherencia terapéutica y manejo de comorbilidades para reducir la mortalidad y mejorar los resultados clínicos.
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