Vigilancia epidemiológica e incidencia de virus respiratorios en Chile: antes y después del COVID 19
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Objetivo: Durante la pandemia de COVID 19, se implementaron diversas medidas, como confinamientos y restricciones de viaje, para frenar la propagación del SARS CoV 2, lo que tuvo un impacto significativo en el número de casos. Estas intervenciones también influyeron en la incidencia de otros virus respiratorios, como el virus respiratorio sincitial (RSV) y la influenza A (InfA). Materiales y métodos: Este estudio examina el efecto del SARS CoV 2 en la circulación de los principales virus respiratorios mediante el análisis de datos epidemiológicos de Chile entre 2015 y 2023. Resultados: El análisis de datos reveló que, durante la pandemia, los niveles de RSV, InfA, adenovirus (ADV) y metapneumovirus humano (HMPV) alcanzaron mínimos históricos. Sin embargo, la relajación de las restricciones en 2021 provocó un aumento en las infecciones por virus respiratorios, con casos de RSV acercándose a los niveles previos a la pandemia en 2022. Notablemente, en 2022 y 2023, las infecciones causadas por estos virus superaron los números pre pandemia. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos coinciden con las predicciones epidemiológicas sobre los cambios en los patrones de infección debido a las medidas preventivas. Comprender estas tendencias, especialmente durante los confinamientos, es crucial para planificar estrategias de respuesta ante futuros brotes. Los conocimientos obtenidos a partir de este análisis han permitido recientemente la implementación de medidas proactivas para la próxima temporada invernal en Chile, ayudando a mitigar un aumento esperado en las emergencias respiratorias, especialmente en niños de regiones con alta humedad y bajas temperaturas.
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