Consenso de expertos sobre las recomendaciones de profilaxis con palivizumab para el Virus Sincitial Respiratorio en niños en Colombia
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La infección por virus sincitial respiratorio constituye una significativa carga de morbilidad y mortalidad en niños de alto riesgo. La profilaxis con palivizumab es considera la principal estrategia para prevenir las infecciones graves en este grupo poblacional. Con el objetivo de establecer recomendaciones para su uso en Colombia, se llevó a cabo un consenso de expertos siguiendo un proceso basado en las recomendaciones de la National Institutes of Health (NIH). En este proceso participó un panel de seis expertos, quienes revisaron estudios que incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos controlados, estudios observacionales y guías clínicas, enfocados en niños menores de dos años tratados con palivizumab. La evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia y la formulación de recomendaciones se realizaron siguiendo las metodologías propuestas por el Centro de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de Oxford y el sistema GRADE. Se desarrollaron recomendaciones para la profilaxis con palivizumab en subgrupos de pacientes de alto riesgo, incluyendo neonatos prematuros, prematuros moderados-tardíos, pacientes con displasia broncopulmonar, fibrosis quística, síndrome de Down y trastornos innatos de la inmunidad. Este proceso permitió generar recomendaciones clínicamente relevantes y fundamentadas en la evidencia, con el propósito de mejorar la práctica clínica en el país.
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