COVID-19 en deportistas: perfil clínico y evolución en parámetros fisiológicos y antropométricos
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Objetivo: Determinar el perfil clínico y sociodemográfico en deportistas con COVID-19 y su evolución en parámetros clínicos, fisiológicos y antropométricos. Materiales y métodos: Cohorte prospectiva que incluyó deportistas de las ligas de Antioquia diagnosticados con COVID-19 entre marzo 2020 - abril 2022. La información fue recolectada a partir de historias clínicas y entrevistas con el paciente. Para la evaluación de características, clínicas, fisiológicas y antropométricas se realizó seguimiento durante tres meses con dos observaciones (al primer y tercer mes después diagnóstico). Resultados: Se incluyeron 119 deportistas con COVID-19, la mayoría fueron hombres (62.2%), 88.2% sintomáticos, siendo frecuente fatiga (66.4%) y anosmia (63%). La persistencia de síntomas generales se reportó en 50 (42%) deportistas; asimismo, 19 (16%) presentaron síntomas cardiacos persistentes, con predominio de taquicardia (57.9%). La mayor proporción de COVID-19 se observó en artes marciales (13.5%). Durante el seguimiento se encontró disminución de síntomas persistentes (76.2% vs 16.7%; p=0.002), peso (69 kg vs 67.2 kg; p=0.031) y alteraciones en examen físico (26.2% vs 0%, p=0.045). Conclusiones: La enfermedad COVID-19 causa síntomas generales y cardiacos persistentes que pueden modificar las adaptaciones al entrenamiento, limitar el impacto positivo de este mismo, poner en riesgo al deportista y limitar su retorno al rendimiento.
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