Frecuencia de VPH, expression de p16 y factores de riesgo de leucoplasia oral de pacientes de Córdoba, Argentina
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La literatura actual indica que existen resultados heterogéneos en relación a la frecuencia de infección por VPH en leucoplasias, posiblemente debido a diferentes factores. Entre ellos, la una diversa distribución geográfica del virus. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la frecuencia de VPH en pacientes diagnosticados con leucoplasia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. La infección por VPH fue analizada mediante técnica de PCR e inmunomarcación para p16 mediante inmunohistoquímica. Estos resultados fueron analizados a partir de características clínico-demográficas utilizando el test de Fisher y de McNemar. Resultados: se incluyeron 33 pacientes diagnosticados con diferentes tipos de leucoplasia bucal. El genoma de VPH fue detectado mediante PCR en el 48.5% (n=16) de los casos. El genotipo viral de mayor frecuencia fue el VPH16. P16 fue positiva en el 27% (n=9) de los casos. La concordancia entre las técnicas de detección de VPH evidenció pobre o débil concordancia (McNemar test 0.1185). A excepción de la relación entre irritación mecánica crónica y PCR-HPV+ (p=0.00949) y la localización en lengua y PCR-VPH+ (p=0.0366), no se evidenciaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las variables estudiadas. Conclusiones: La baja frecuencia de VPH en este estudio va en concordancia con otros estudios de nuesta región. La irritación mecánica crónica podría jugar un rol importante en el desarrollo de leucoplasias asociadas al VPH, preferentemente localizadas en el borde de lengua.
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